Horowitz (2011) says, 'those who.' (para. to indicate a numbered paragraph rather than a page number. Works without Pagination (when using a direct quote) (for no date) in place of the year for in-text citations and the reference list. Do not use the term Anonymous for works without authors listed. When a title lists the author of a work as Anonymous give the word Anonymous as the author's name in-text and in the reference list. Reference: Handbook of geriatric drug therapy. LONG book title ( Handbook of Geriatric, 2000). Titles of a periodical, book, report, or brochure should be italicized. Titles of an article, chapter or web page should be placed in double quotation marks. If using an abbreviated name for an organization, spell out the full name the first time referenced and give the abbreviation.įIRST citation National Library of Medicine (NLM, 2005).įIRST citation (National Library of Medicine, 2005).īegin the in-text reference with the first word or first few words of the title, followed by a comma (a lengthy title may be shortened). A shortened form can be used in the in-text reference if the organization has a familiar abbreviation. If an organizational author is referenced only once or twice in a document, the full organizational name is acceptable. When using initials in the text of a sentence do not invert the first name. When authors of 2 works published in the same year have the same surname, include the initials of the author in the in-text citation and separate the names by a semicolon and space.

Include a comma after the last name.įor works published in the same year by the same author, add alphabetic designators to the year in both the in-text reference and reference list.įor works published in different years by the same author, place years in chronological sequence separated by commas.

If the first author's name and the years of publications are the same for several references, include enough additional co-author names to eliminate ambiguity. (not in italics) and the year for all in-text citations. Give only the first author's name followed by et al. (FIRST citation) (Sawyer, Jimmerson, Bradley, Connors, & Ramirez, 2010). (FIRST citation) Sawyer, Jimmerson, Bradley, Connors, and Ramirez (2010). Give all the authors names for the first in-text citation, then use et al.

For citations in parentheses use an ampersand (&).įlannigan and McBride (2001) state the results. Give both names separated by the word and when including the names in the text of a sentence. If the author's name is stated in the sentence, always place the year in parentheses immediately after the name. Give the author's name and the year of publication. Instructional Videos & Classroom Resources.Unpublished Manuscripts/Informal Publications (i.e.

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